PILGRIMS PRIDE CORP MANAGEMENT REPORT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Form 10-Q)
Summary
Insight
We reported net income attributable to Pilgrim's of$900.9 million , or$3.73 per diluted common share, and income before tax totaling$1.2 billion , for the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 . These operating results included net sales of$13.3 billion , gross profit of$1.7 billion and$790.6 million of cash provided by operating activities. We generated a consolidated operating margin of 9.4% with operating margins of 13.8%, 0.0% and 7.7% in ourU.S. ,U.K. andEurope , andMexico reportable segments, respectively. For the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 , we generated EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA of$1.6 billion and$1.6 billion , respectively. A reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is included below.
Global economic conditions
During the third quarter of 2022, we continued to experience solid recoveries in volume throughout the business from prior year levels as COVID-19 restrictions eased, but were confronted with significant challenges from inflation in commodity, labor and other operating costs across all our businesses. The global feed ingredient and energy markets continue to be impacted by theRussia -Ukraine war, driving up prices as supply out of theBlack Sea region is disrupted and future production is at risk. We continued to experience labor shortages in theU.K. asEuropean Union (or "E.U.") workers returned to their home countries following Brexit, thus affecting our ability to process, pack and transport products. Despite inflationary headwinds and softening consumer demand throughout theU.K. and E.U., we have and will continue to invest in our people, implement supply chain solutions, and conduct customer negotiations for cost recovery. OurMexico segment is managing through significant challenges asMexico remains a volatile market given inflationary pressures, implications of more significant bird disease, an evolving global protein industry, and overall business seasonality. We have responded to these challenges by continuing negotiations with customers to recoup the extraordinary costs we have experienced. We also continue to focus on operational initiatives that aim to deliver labor efficiencies, better agricultural performance and improved yields.
Impacts of the Russia-Ukraine War
TheRussia -Ukraine war began inFebruary 2022 . The impact of the ongoing war and sanctions will not be limited to businesses that operate inRussia andUkraine and may negatively impact other global economic markets including where we operate. The impacts have included and may continue to include, but are not limited to, higher prices for commodities, such as food products, ingredients and energy products, increasing inflation in some countries, and disrupted trade and supply chains. The conflict has disrupted shipments of grains, vegetable oils, fertilizer and energy products. The impact on the agriculture markets falls into two main categories: (1) the effect on Ukrainian crop production, as the region is key in global grain production; and (2) the duration of the disruption in trade flows. Safety and financing concerns in the region are restricting export execution, which is in turn forcing grain and oil demand to find alternative supply. The duration of the war and related volatility makes global markets extremely sensitive to growing-season weather in other global grain producing regions and has led to a large risk premium in futures prices. The continued volatility in the global markets as a result of the war has adversely impacted our costs by driving up prices, raising inflation and increasing pressure on the supply of feed ingredients and energy products throughout the global markets. In the third quarter of 2022,Ukraine resumed water-borne exports and their export volumes continue to climb. Their supply constraints did not have a material impact on our costs during the third quarter. In addition, theU.S. government and other governments in jurisdictions in which we operate have imposed sanctions and export controls againstRussia ,Belarus and interests therein and threatened additional sanctions and controls. OurU.K. andEurope business may be impacted by the increase in energy prices and the availability of energy during the winter months. The impact of these measures, now and in the future, could adversely affect our business, supply chain or customers.
Impact of COVID-19
The impact of COVID-19 and the measures to prevent its spread continue to affect our business in several ways.
•Our workforce. Employee health and safety is our priority. As an essential business in a critical infrastructure industry, we continue to produce chicken and pork products. Measures we implemented during the height of the pandemic that remain in place today include, but are not limited to: increasing physical distancing of our employees, 35
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- where possible; staggering start and shift breaks; increasing personal hygiene practices and providing our employees additional personal protective equipment and sanitation stations; and increasing sanitation of our facilities. We have also continued to support and encourage our employees and their family members to be vaccinated against COVID-19.
•Our operations. All of our production facilities continue to operate. To date, we have not experienced any significant impact from a plant closure.
•Demand for our products. As global vaccination levels increased and government restrictions eased, we have noted the trend towards pre-pandemic demand levels in grocery stores and restaurants and are currently experiencing no significant changes in demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
•CARES Act. OnMarch 27, 2020 , theU.S. government enacted the CARES Act, which includes modifications to the limitation on business interest expense and net operating loss provisions, and provides a payment delay of employer payroll taxes during 2020 after the date of enactment. We delayed the payment of$52 million in employer payroll taxes otherwise due in 2020. The first 50% was paid onDecember 31, 2021 and the remaining 50% is due and payable byDecember 31, 2022 . Raw Materials and Pricing OurU.S. andMexico segments use corn and soybean meal as the main ingredients for feed production, while ourU.K. andEurope segment uses wheat, soybean meal and barley as the main ingredients for feed production.U.S. commodity market prices for chicken products declined 30% from historical highs in early July to levels slightly above the 5-year average by the end of September due to increasing chicken supply which outpaced the volume demand. As a result, chicken volumes in cold storage and availability increased, driving prices to decline more than seasonal norms. During the third quarter of 2022, industry production levels trended above previous year levels, +2.8% year-over-year, in ready to cook pounds. The increase in production was due to both the improvement in layer productivity and hatchability rates since late in the second quarter of 2022. Both factors led to more birds processed relative to the same time previous year. Average chicken liveweights for the quarter remained in line with a year ago. Third quarter demand remained steady across the channels as indicated by increased sales. In the foodservice channel, commercial foodservice restaurants volume demand remained flat while the non-commercial subchannel grew significantly relative to same quarter prior year. In retail, Pilgrim's fresh sales volumes outpaced the relatively flat market volumes; while the frozen subchannel saw mixed results as declining frozen commodity volumes more than offset value-added growth. The deli subchannel also experienced steady volume sales, even at elevated prices. The export market declined 9% in volume shipments for July and August.
During the third quarter of 2022, the
Commodity prices for chicken inMexico increased during the third quarter of 2022 and remained well above prices from same quarter prior year. The increase is primarily from increased demand that outpaced supply. The cost to produce also increased from same quarter prior year due to significant increases in corn and soy, the two main ingredients used for feed inMexico . While commodity market prices for chicken products declined, prices for the remainder of the year will depend on (1) the evolution of foodservice, retail and export meat demand and (2) factors such as government regulation, the ongoingRussia -Ukraine war, further spread of avian influenza both domestically and abroad, uncertainty surrounding the general economy and overall protein supply.U.K. market prices for pork products during the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 continued an upward trend, though the rate of growth slowed from 31% in the second quarter to 21% in the third quarter driven by the slowing of EU prices. The increase inGermany was at a more moderate growth rate of 6% in the third quarter compared to more than 50% in late first quarter. Despite some pig price recovery, the cost of production continued to exceed market prices, with pig farmers reducing their loss to around £16 per pig in the third quarter, which is a significant improvement over first and second quarter which had losses well above £50 per pig. Input costs for feed and energy in theU.K. continue to rise in the third quarter consistent with global market conditions, with the recovery of inflation through retailers an ongoing area of focus. 36 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reportable Segments
We operate in three reportable segments:U.S. ,U.K. andEurope , andMexico . We measure segment profit as operating income. Certain corporate expenses are allocated to theMexico andU.K. andEurope reportable segments based upon various apportionment methods for specific expenditures incurred related thereto with the remaining amounts allocated to theU.S. For additional information, see "Note 17. Reportable Segments" of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this quarterly report.
Operating results
Three months completed
Net sales. Net sales generated in the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 increased$641.4 million , or 16.8%, from net sales generated in the three months endedSeptember 26, 2021 . The following table provides net sales information: Change from Three Months Ended Three Months Ended September 26, 2021 Sources of net sales September 25, 2022 Amount Percent (In thousands, except percent data) U.S.$ 2,836,920 $ 370,070 15.0 % U.K. and Europe 1,203,095 272,655 29.3 % Mexico 428,954 (1,322) (0.3) % Total net sales$ 4,468,969 $ 641,403 16.8 %U.S. Reportable Segment.U.S. net sales generated in the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 increased$370.1 million , or 15.0%, fromU.S. net sales generated in the three months endedSeptember 26, 2021 primarily due to an increase in net sales per pound which increased$386.4 million , or 15.7 percentage points, to the increase in net sales. The increase in net sales per pound was partially offset by a decrease in sales volume of$16.3 million , or 0.7 percentage points. The increase in net sales per pound was driven primarily by increases in price necessary to recover increased feed ingredients, labor, utilities and other operating costs during the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 .U.K. and Europe Reportable Segment.U.K. andEurope net sales generated in the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 increased$272.7 million , or 29.3%, fromU.K. andEurope net sales generated in the three months endedSeptember 26, 2021 primarily due to the acquisition of Pilgrim's Food Masters ("PFM") which contributed$247.6 million to the increase in net sales. The existingU.K. andEurope businesses contributed$25.1 million to the increase in net sales. This increase to net sales of the existing operations was driven by an increase of$238.0 million from increased net sales per pound, or 25.4 percentage points, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation of$158.4 million , or 16.9 percentage points, and a decrease in sales volume of$54.5 million , or 5.8 percentage points. The increase in net sales per pound was driven by price increases necessary to recover increased feed ingredients, labor, utilities and other operating costs. Mexico Reportable Segment.Mexico net sales generated in the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 decreased$1.3 million , or 0.3%, fromMexico net sales generated in the three months endedSeptember 26, 2021 primarily due to a decrease in sales volume of$47.5 million , or 11.0 percentage points, and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency remeasurement of$4.9 million , or 1.2 percentage points, partially offset by an increase in net sales per pound of$51.1 million , or 11.9 percentage points. The increase in net sales per pound was driven primarily by higher chicken prices that resulted from solid market fundamentals. Gross profit and cost of sales. Gross profit increased by$125.4 million , or 33.7%, from$371.8 million generated in the three months endedSeptember 26, 2021 to$497.3 million generated in the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 . The following tables provide information regarding gross profit and cost of sales information: Three Months Change from Three Months Ended Percent of Net Sales Ended September September 26, 2021 Three Months Ended Components of gross profit 25, 2022 Amount Percent September 25, 2022
(In thousands, except percent data) Net sales$ 4,468,969 $ 641,403 16.8 % 100.0 % 100.0 % Cost of sales 3,971,699 515,976 14.9 % 88.9 % 90.3 % Gross profit$ 497,270 $ 125,427 33.7 % 11.1 % 9.7 % 37
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Change from Three Months Ended Three Months Ended September 26, 2021 Sources of gross profit September 25, 2022 Amount Percent (In thousands, except percent data) U.S.$ 445,308 $ 167,280 60.2 % U.K. and Europe 52,469 20,145 62.3 % Mexico (521) (61,998) (100.8) % Elimination 14 - - % Total gross profit$ 497,270 $ 125,427 33.7 % Change from Three Months Ended Three Months September 26, 2021 Ended September Sources of cost of sales 25, 2022 Amount Percent (In thousands, except percent data) U.S.$ 2,391,612 $ 202,790 9.3 % U.K. and Europe 1,150,626 252,510 28.1 % Mexico 429,475 60,676 16.5 % Elimination (14) - - % Total cost of sales$ 3,971,699 $ 515,976 14.9 %U.S. Reportable Segment. Cost of sales incurred by ourU.S. operations during the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 increased$202.8 million , or 9.3%, from cost of sales incurred by ourU.S. segment during the three months endedSeptember 26, 2021 . The increase in cost of sales was primarily driven by an increase in cost per pound sold of$217.3 million , or 9.9 percentage points, partially offset by the impact of decreased sales volume of$14.5 million , or 0.6 percentage points. The increase in cost per pound sold included increases in live operations costs, prepared foods purchases, payroll costs, contract labor costs, supplies costs and utility costs. The increase in live operations costs includes an increase of$91.4 million in feed costs and a$25.3 million increase in chick costs. The increase in feed costs was driven primarily from higher corn and soy prices, our main ingredients in feed.U.K. and Europe Reportable Segment. Cost of sales incurred by ourU.K. andEurope operations during the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 increased$252.5 million , or 28.1%, from cost of sales incurred by ourU.K. andEurope segment during the three months endedSeptember 26, 2021 primarily because of costs incurred by the acquired PFM operations and from increases in cost of sales incurred by our existingU.K. andEurope operations. Cost of sales related to the existingU.K. andEurope operations increased due to higher cost per pound sold, partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign currency translation and decreased sales volume. The increase in cost per pound sold was driven by inflation in feed ingredients, utilities, CO2 costs and labor costs. Mexico Reportable Segment. Cost of sales incurred by ourMexico operations during the three months endedMarch 28, 2021 increased$60.7 million , or 16.5%, from cost of sales incurred by ourMexico segment during the three months endedSeptember 26, 2021 . This increase was driven by increased cost per pound sold of$106.3 million , or 28.8 percentage points. The increase in cost per pound sold was driven by higher input costs, such as feed ingredients and cost of chicks which was negatively impacted by the cost to import eggs to offset the impacts of bird disease at our locations, and an unfavorable shift in product mix due to market demands. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in sales volume of$40.7 million , or 11.0 percentage points, and the favorable impact of foreign currency remeasurement of$4.9 million , or 1.3 percentage points. Operating income and SG&A expense. Operating income increased by$218.4 million , or 180.8%, from income of$120.8 million generated in the three months endedSeptember 26, 2021 to income of$339.2 million generated in the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 . The following tables provide information regarding operating income and selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense: 38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Three Months Change from Three Months Ended Percent of Net Sales Ended September September 26, 2021 Three Months Ended Components of operating income 25, 2022 Amount Percent September 25, 2022 September 26, 2021 (In thousands, except percent data) Gross profit$ 497,270 $ 125,427 33.7 % 11.1 % 9.7 % SG&A expense 158,068 (92,998) (37.0) % 3.5 % 6.6 % Operating income$ 339,202 $ 218,425 180.8 % 7.6 % 3.2 % Change from Three Months Ended September Three Months Ended 26, 2021 Sources of operating income September 25, 2022 Amount Percent (In thousands, except percent data) U.S.$ 338,548 $ 267,882 379.1 % U.K. and Europe 14,198 13,753 3,090.6 % Mexico (13,558) (63,210) (127.3) % Eliminations 14 - - % Total operating income$ 339,202 $ 218,425 180.8 % Change from Three Months Ended September Three Months Ended 26, 2021 Sources of SG&A expense September 25, 2022 Amount Percent (In thousands, except percent data) U.S.$ 106,760 $ (100,602) (48.5) % U.K. and Europe 38,271 6,392 20.1 % Mexico 13,037 1,212 10.2 % Total SG&A expense$ 158,068 $ (92,998) (37.0) %U.S. Reportable Segment. SG&A expense incurred by ourU.S. reportable segment during the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 decreased$100.6 million , or 48.5%, from SG&A expense incurred by ourU.S. reportable segment during the three months endedSeptember 26, 2021 . The decrease in SG&A expense resulted primarily from recognition of legal settlements and acquisition transaction costs in the prior year. A net increase in otherU.S. SG&A expense partially offsets the decrease from legal settlement expense and acquisition transaction costs. This net increase is driven by incentive compensation costs.U.K. and Europe Reportable Segment. SG&A expense incurred by ourU.K. andEurope reportable segment during the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 increased$6.4 million , or 20.1%, from SG&A expense incurred by ourU.K. andEurope segment during the three months endedSeptember 26, 2021 primarily from the acquisition of the PFM business. Other factors affectingU.K. and Europe SG&A expense were individually immaterial. Mexico Reportable Segment. SG&A expense incurred by ourMexico reportable segment during the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 increased approximately$1.2 million , or 10.2%, from SG&A expense incurred by ourMexico segment during the three months endedSeptember 26, 2021 . The primary driver of the increase in SG&A expense was marketing costs. Other factors affecting Mexico SG&A expense were individually immaterial. Net interest expense. Net interest expense increased to$34.2 million recognized in the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 from$28.6 million recognized in the three months endedSeptember 26, 2021 . The increase in net interest expense resulted primarily from interest expense on outstanding borrowings. Average borrowings increased by$0.7 billion from$2.6 billion during the three months endedSeptember 26, 2021 to$3.4 billion during the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 due to the issuance of the 2032 Senior Notes inSeptember 2021 to purchase PFM. As a percent of net sales, interest expense in the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 andSeptember 26, 2021 was 0.8% and 0.8%, respectively. Income taxes. Income tax expense increased to$65.7 million , a 20.2% effective tax rate, for the three months endedSeptember 25, 2022 compared to an income tax expense of$30.4 million , a 33.3% effective tax rate, for the three months endedSeptember 26, 2021 . The increase in income tax expense resulted primarily from the increase in profit before taxes. 39 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nine month period ended
Net sales. Net sales generated during the nine months ended
increase
Change from Nine Months Ended September Nine Months Ended 26, 2021 September 25, Sources of net sales 2022 Amount Percent (In thousands, except percent data) U.S.$ 8,318,007 $ 1,603,128 23.9 % U.K. and Europe 3,640,129 919,110 33.8 % Mexico 1,382,876 80,085 6.1 % Total net sales$ 13,341,012 $ 2,602,323 24.2 %U.S. Reportable Segment.U.S. net sales generated in the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 increased$1.6 billion , or 23.9%, fromU.S. net sales generated in the nine months endedSeptember 26, 2021 primarily due to an increase in net sales per pound which contributed$1.6 billion , or 23.8 percentage points, to the increase in net sales. The increase in net sales per pound was driven primarily by price increases necessary to recover increased feed ingredients, labor costs, supplies costs, utility costs and other operating costs. Also contributing to the increase in net sales was an increase in sales volume of$4.0 million , or 0.1 percentage points.U.K. and Europe Reportable Segment.U.K. andEurope net sales generated in the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 increased$919.1 million , or 33.8%, fromU.K. andEurope net sales generated in the nine months endedSeptember 26, 2021 primarily due to the acquisition of PFM which contributed$774.1 million to the increase in net sales. The existingU.K. andEurope businesses contributed$145.0 million to the increase in net sales. This increase was driven by an increase of$506.7 million from increased net sales per pound, or 18.6 percentage points, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation of$285.0 million , or 10.5 percentage points, and a decrease in sales volume of$76.7 million , or 2.8 percentage points. The increase in net sales per pound was driven by price increases necessary to recover increased feed ingredients, labor costs, CO2 costs, utility costs and other operating costs. Mexico Reportable Segment.Mexico net sales generated in the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 increased$80.1 million , or 6.1%, fromMexico net sales generated in the nine months endedSeptember 26, 2021 primarily due to an increase in net sales per pound of$170.9 million , or 13.1 percentage points, partially offset by a decrease in sales volume of$80.7 million , or 6.2 percentage points, and a decrease from the unfavorable impact of foreign currency remeasurement of$10.1 million , or 0.8 percentage points. The increase in net sales per pound was driven primarily by higher chicken prices that resulted from solid market fundamentals. Gross profit and cost of sales. Gross profit increased by$702.7 million , or 69.3%, from$1.0 billion generated in the nine months endedSeptember 26, 2021 to$1.7 billion generated in the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 . The following tables provide information regarding gross profit and cost of sales information: Nine Months Ended Change from Nine Months Ended September Percent of Net Sales September 25, 26, 2021 Nine Months Ended Components of gross profit 2022 Amount Percent September 25, 2022
(In thousands, except percent data) Net sales$ 13,341,012 $ 2,602,323 24.2 % 100.0 % 100.0 % Cost of sales 11,624,991 1,899,629 19.5 % 87.1 % 90.6 % Gross profit$ 1,716,021 $ 702,694 69.3 % 12.9 % 9.4 % Change from Nine Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 26, 2021 September 25, Sources of gross profit 2022 Amount Percent (In thousands, except percent data) U.S.$ 1,411,948 $ 760,713 116.8 % U.K. and Europe 160,503 40,326 33.6 % Mexico 143,528 (98,345) (40.7) % Elimination 42 - - % Total gross profit$ 1,716,021 $ 702,694 69.3 % 40
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Change from Nine Months Ended September Nine Months Ended 26, 2021 September 25, Sources of cost of sales 2022 Amount Percent (In thousands, except percent data) U.S.$ 6,906,059 $ 842,415 13.9 % U.K. and Europe 3,479,626 878,784 33.8 % Mexico 1,239,348 178,430 16.8 % Elimination (42) - - % Total cost of sales$ 11,624,991 $ 1,899,629 19.5 %U.S. Reportable Segment. Cost of sales incurred by ourU.S. operations during the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 increased$842.4 million , or 13.9%, from cost of sales incurred by ourU.S. segment during the nine months endedSeptember 26, 2021 . Cost of sales increased primarily because of an increase in cost per pound sold which contributed$838.8 million , or 13.8 percentage points, and an increase in sales volume of$3.6 million , or 0.1 percentage points. The increase in cost per pound sold included increases in live operations costs, payroll costs, prepared foods purchases, contract labor costs, supplies costs, utility costs and higher realized losses in commodity derivatives. The increase in live operations costs includes an increase of$292.8 million in feed costs and a$69.5 million increase in chick costs. The increase in feed costs was driven primarily from higher corn and soy prices, our main ingredients in feed.U.K. and Europe Reportable Segment. Cost of sales incurred by ourU.K. andEurope operations during the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 increased$878.8 million , or 33.8%, from cost of sales incurred by ourU.K. andEurope segment during the nine months endedSeptember 26, 2021 primarily because of costs incurred by the acquired PFM operations and from increases in cost of sales incurred by our existingU.K. andEurope operations. Cost of sales related to the existingU.K. andEurope operations increased due to an increase in cost per pound sold, partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign currency translation and a decrease in sales volume. The increase in cost per pound sold was driven by inflation in feed ingredients, CO2 costs, utility costs, as well as increases in labor costs due to shortages resulting from Brexit and an increase in the national minimum wage. Mexico Reportable Segment. Cost of sales incurred by ourMexico operations during the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 increased$178.4 million , or 16.8%, from cost of sales incurred by ourMexico segment during the nine months endedSeptember 26, 2021 . This increase was driven by increased cost per pound sold of$253.2 million , or 23.9 percentage points, partially offset by a decrease in sales volume of$65.7 million , or 6.2 percentage points, and the favorable impact of foreign currency remeasurement of$9.0 million , or 0.9 percentage points. The increase in cost per pound sold was driven by higher input costs, such as feed ingredients, chick costs and packaging costs, and an unfavorable shift in product mix due to market demands. Operating income and SG&A expense. Operating income increased by$1.1 billion from$156.1 million generated in the nine months endedSeptember 26, 2021 to$1.3 billion generated in the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 . The following tables provide information regarding operating income and selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense: Nine Months Ended Change from Nine Months Ended September Percent of Net Sales September 25, 26, 2021 Nine Months Ended Components of operating income 2022 Amount Percent September 25, 2022 September 26,
2021
(In thousands, except percent data) Gross profit$ 1,716,021 $ 702,694 69.3 % 12.9 % 9.4 % SG&A expense 461,902 (395,315) (46.1) % 3.5 % 8.0 % Operating income$ 1,254,119 $ 1,098,009 703.4 % 9.4 % 1.5 % 41
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Change from Nine Months Ended September Nine Months Ended 26, 2021 Sources of operating income September 25, 2022 Amount Percent (In thousands, except percent data) U.S.$ 1,146,821 $ 1,232,201 NM(1) U.K. and Europe 406 (32,365) (98.8) % Mexico 106,850 (101,827) (48.8) % Eliminations 42 - - % Total operating income$ 1,254,119 $ 1,098,009 703.4 %
(1) This year-over-year percentage change is designated as immaterial (or “NM”) due to significant non-recurring items recognized in the prior year.
Change from Nine Months Ended September Nine Months Ended 26, 2021 Sources of SG&A expense September 25, 2022 Amount Percent (In thousands, except percent data) U.S. $ 265,127$ (471,488) (64.0) % U.K. and Europe 160,097 72,691 83.2 % Mexico 36,678 3,482 10.5 % Total SG&A expense $ 461,902$ (395,315) (46.1) %U.S. Reportable Segment. SG&A expense incurred by ourU.S. reportable segment during the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 decreased$471.5 million , or 64.0%, from SG&A expense incurred by ourU.S. reportable segment during the nine months endedSeptember 26, 2021 . The decrease in SG&A expense resulted primarily from recognition of legal settlements and acquisition transaction costs in the prior year. A net increase in otherU.S. SG&A expense partially offsets the decrease from legal settlement expense and acquisition transaction costs. This net increase is driven by incentive compensation and legal defense costs.U.K. and Europe Reportable Segment. SG&A expense incurred by ourU.K. andEurope reportable segment during the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 increased$72.7 million , or 83.2%, from SG&A expense incurred by ourU.K. andEurope segment during the nine months endedSeptember 26, 2021 primarily from the acquisition of the PFM business. Other factors affecting SG&A expense were individually immaterial. Mexico Reportable Segment. SG&A expense incurred by ourMexico reportable segment during the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 increased approximately$3.5 million , or 10.5%, from SG&A expense incurred by ourMexico segment during the nine months endedSeptember 26, 2021 . The primary drivers of the increase in SG&A expense were compensation-related costs and marketing costs. Other factors affecting ourMexico segment's SG&A expense were individually immaterial. Net interest expense. Net interest expense slightly decreased to$106.3 million recognized in the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 from$106.4 million recognized in the nine months endedSeptember 26, 2021 . The decrease in net interest expense resulted primarily due to a$24.7 million loss on early extinguishment of debt recognized in the prior year, partially offset by an increase in interest expense on outstanding borrowings of$23.1 million . Average borrowings increased by$1.0 billion from$2.4 billion during the nine months endedSeptember 26, 2021 to$3.4 billion during the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 due to the issuance of the 2031 Senior Notes inSeptember 2021 to fund the acquisition of PFM. As a percent of net sales, interest expense in the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 andSeptember 26, 2021 was 0.8% and 1.0%, respectively. Income taxes. Income tax expense increased to$253.7 million , a 21.9% effective tax rate, for the nine months endedSeptember 25, 2022 compared to an income tax expense of$55.9 million , a 110.3% effective tax rate, for the nine months endedSeptember 26, 2021 . The increase in income tax expense resulted primarily from the increase in profit before taxes. 42 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash and capital resources
The following table presents our available sources of liquidity as ofSeptember 25, 2022 : Facility Amount Amount Sources of Liquidity Amount Outstanding Available (In millions) Cash and cash equivalents $ - $ -$ 654.2 Borrowing arrangements: U.S. Credit Facility Revolving Note Payable(a) 800.0 - 763.9 U.S. Credit Facility Term Loans(b) 700.0 486.4 - Mexico Credit Facility(c) 74.2 - 74.2 U.K. and Europe Revolver Facility(d) 162.9 10.9 152.0
(a) Availability under the
(b)For more information on theU.S. Credit Facility Term Loans, refer to "Note 12. Debt." (c)The U.S. dollar-equivalent of the facility amount under the Mexico Credit Facility is$74.2 million (Mex$1.5 billion). (d)TheU.S. dollar-equivalent of the facility amount under theU.K. andEurope Revolver Facility is$162.9 million (£150.0 million). We expect cash flows from operations, combined with availability under our credit facilities, to provide sufficient liquidity to fund current obligations, projected working capital requirements, maturities of long-term debt and capital spending for at least the next twelve months.
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